Что такое шторм сюрдж
storm surge
1 storm surge
2 storm surge
штормовой нагон
Подъем уровня моря выше нормального на открытом побережье, где эффект Экмана в результате сильных ветров заставляет неглубокие воды заливать берег. Чрезвычайно опасный, штормовой нагон в большей степени ответствен за гибель людей, чем любое другое океаническое явление, что обусловлено скоплением поселений на прибрежных равнинах, наиболее уязвимых для внезапного и губительного наводнения.
[ http://www.oceanographers.ru/index.php?option=com_glossary&Itemid=238]
Тематики
3 storm surge
4 storm surge
5 storm surge
6 storm surge
7 storm surge
8 storm surge
9 storm surge
10 storm surge
11 storm surge
12 storm surge
13 storm surge
14 Storm surge
См. также в других словарях:
Storm surge — or tidal surge is an offshore rise of water associated with a low pressure weather system, typically a tropical cyclone. Storm surge is caused primarily by high winds pushing on the ocean s surface. The wind causes the water to pile up higher… … Wikipedia
storm surge — an abnormal rise in the level of the sea along a coast caused by the onshore winds of a severe cyclone. Also called stormtide, surge. * * * storm surge noun An unusual, rapid rise in tide level caused by a combination of low pressure over the sea … Useful english dictionary
storm surge — noun An unusual rise in sea level on a coast due to the action of high winds. The storm surge is defined as the difference between the observed tide and the predicted astronomical tide and is considered to be the meteorological effect on sea… … Wiktionary
storm surge — an abnormal rise in the level of the sea along a coast caused by the onshore winds of a severe cyclone. Also called stormtide, surge. * * * … Universalium
storm surge — An abnormal, sudden rise of sea level along an open coast during a storm, caused primarily by onshore wind stresses, or less frequently by atmospheric pressure reduction, resulting in water piled up against the coast. It is most severe when… … Glossary of landform and geologic terms
storm surge — the pushing of water against a coastline to abnormally high levels, usually a combination of extreme low pressure and winds pushing water into a narrowing feature such as a bay or estuary … Geography glossary
storm surge — /ˈstɔm sɜdʒ/ (say stawm serj) noun Meteorology a rush of water onshore associated with a low pressure system and caused by strong winds pushing on the ocean s surface … Australian-English dictionary
Surge — may refer to: *Surge (soft drink), a soft drink formerly made by The Coca Cola Company. *Jerk or surge, the rate of change of acceleration in physics *Storm surge, the onshore gush of water associated with a low pressure weather system… … Wikipedia
storm — (n.) O.E. storm, from P.Gmc. *sturmaz (Cf. O.N. stormr, O.S., M.L.G., M.Du., Du. storm, O.H.G., Ger. sturm). O.Fr. estour onset, tumult, It. stormo are Gmc. loan words. Fig. (non meteorological) sense was in late O.E. The verb in the sense of to… … Etymology dictionary
Storm — Windstorm redirects here. For the type of storm in Europe, see European windstorm. For the Gloria Jones album, see Windstorm (album). For other uses, see Storm (disambiguation). A shelf cloud associated with a heavy or severe thunderstorm over… … Wikipedia
Storm surge
A storm surge is possibly one of the most dramatic weather events in the UK, resulting from low pressure, high winds and tidal conditions.
What is a storm surge?
A storm surge is a change in sea level that is caused by a storm. They can lead to extensive flooding and are dangerous for people living in many coastal areas. For example, when Hurricane Katrina approached the US coast in 2005, it generated a storm surge of more than 8 metres in some areas. This led to widespread flooding, including almost all of the city of New Orleans where the sea defences couldn’t cope with the water level. More than 1800 people were killed across the US by Hurricane Katrina, many of them by the storm surge flooding.
What causes a storm surge?
The main cause of a storm surge is high winds pushing the seawater towards the coast, causing it to pile up there. There is also a smaller contribution from the low pressure at the centre of the storm «pulling» the water level up, by about 1 cm for every 1 millibar change in pressure. This is called the inverse barometer effect and is similar to what happens when you drink through a straw.
The strong winds in the storm generate large waves on top of the surge which can cause damage to sea defences, or spill over the top adding to the flood risk. In the case of tropical storms (such as hurricanes), there may also be a very large amount of rain which further increases the risk of flooding.
On the 5 December 2013, a large storm surge hit the east coast of the UK, causing widespread flooding along the coast. This was a prime example of low pressure, high winds and high tidal conditions combining.
Negative storm surge
It is also possible for a negative storm surge to occur, when the wind direction blows the water away from the coast instead, causing the sea level there to drop. These are less dangerous than positive storm surges as they do not bring the risk of flooding, but they can damage ships in port and leave them stranded until the water level rises again.
The height of a storm surge depends on many factors such as the size and strength of the storm, the direction it approaches the coast and the shape of the coastline and seabed.
In areas with large tides, such as the UK, the timing of a storm surge is particularly important and just a couple of hours’ difference may mean the difference between an area being flooded or staying safe.
1953 east coast flood
In the night of 31 January 1953, a storm in the North Sea caused a storm surge which occurred at the same time as a high spring tide. Although the storm and surge were forecast in advance, public warning systems were not very effective at this time and many people were not prepared for the flooding. More than 2500 people were killed around the North Sea coastline, including 307 in England and 19 in Scotland. As well as the loss of life, the flooding caused a great deal of damage to people’s homes and businesses and ruined large areas of farmland.
Following the 1953 storm surge, the UK Government invested much more in improved sea defences, such as the Thames Barrier, and effective warning systems. Keep up to date with all the latest flood warnings, including coastal flood warnings, on our website.
Prepare for a Storm Surge
Know the Basics
A storm surge is water that is pushed onto shore by a hurricane. It is rarely a «wall of water» as often claimed, but rather a rise of water that can be as rapid as several feet in just a few minutes. The storm surge moves with the forward speed of the hurricane — typically 10-15 mph. This wind-driven water has tremendous power. One cubic yard of sea water weighs 1,728 pounds — almost a ton.
This means a one-foot deep storm surge can sweep your car off the road, and even a 6-inch surge is difficult to stand in. Compounding the destructive power of the rushing water is the large amount of floating debris that typically accompanies the surge. Trees, pieces of buildings and other debris float on top of the storm surge and act as battering rams that can cave in any buildings unfortunate enough to stand in the way.
Staying Safe
Contributing Factors
There are three mechanisms that contribute to the storm surge
The storm surge depends greatly upon the size and intensity of a hurricane, the angle that it approaches the shore at, how deep the water is close to shore (the slope of the seabed at the coastline) and how fast the hurricane is moving. Learn more about storm surges with Jeff Masters’ articles: A detailed view of the storm surge: comparing Katrina to Camille and General characteristics of storm surges.
Depiction of a 15-foot hurricane storm surge occurring at high tide of two feet about mean sea level, creating a seventeen foot storm tide. Note that there are 10-foot waves on top of the 17-foot storm tide, so the external high water mark (HWM) left on the outside of structures by this hurricane could be 27 feet or higher. Image credit: NOAA SLOSH Display Training Manual (PDF File).
Defining Storm Tide, Storm Surge and High Water Mark
The storm surge is how high above current sea level the ocean water gets. The number we are most interested in regarding storm surge is how many feet above mean sea level (MSL) inundation will occur. This number is known as the storm tide, not the storm surge. The storm tide is the height of the storm surge above the MSL, corrected for the tide. For example, in a location where high tide is two feet higher than mean sea level, and low tide is two feet lower than mean sea level, a 15-foot storm surge would cause a 17-foot storm tide if the hurricane hit at high tide or a 13-foot storm tide at low tide. Keep in mind that on top of the storm surge will be large waves capable of causing severe flooding and battering damage — these waves are not included in storm surge forecasts.
The waves on top of the storm tide break when they reach shallow water and create an external high water mark (HWM) on structures. The high water mark can be much higher than the storm surge or storm tide. For example, the maximum storm surge of Hurricane Katrina was 27.8 feet in Pass Christian, Mississippi (measured inside a building where waves couldn’t reach). However, the highest high water mark was much higher — 34.1 feet on the outside of a building in Biloxi, Mississippi, where a high tide of about 1 foot combined with 11-foot high waves on top of the 22-foot storm surge to create the 34.1-foot high water mark.
Storm Surge Survival Misconceptions
The storm surge is usually the most dangerous threat of a hurricane. Those lucky enough to survive Hurricane Katrina’s record storm surge shared their stories, shedding light on some common misconceptions about storm surge survival.
Misconception: Call 911 and you can be rescued, while the water is pouring into your home.
How? No one will be able to get to you. Water rises quickly — sometimes 6-10 feet within minutes; cars can’t drive in it and it is usually unnavigable by boats when it is coming ashore.
Misconception: Just stuff towels under the door jambs. Then rush around to start picking up things that are close to floor level, so you can save them.
Bad idea. In a minute or so the surge will burst open the door, and instead of standing in a room with four inches of water, you’ll be knocked off your feet and into whatever piece of furniture is closest. You’ll suddenly be in three or four feet of moving water that you can’t make any headway into.
Misconception: You’ll be able to maneuver around in the rushing water.
Probably not. Some people who drowned were not even able to get out of the room they were in when the water started pouring into the home. The speed of water in a surge can be equivalent to Class III or IV rapids (Class V is hardly navigable even by expert kayakers).
Misconception: You’ll know in time.
The surge is usually not a wall of water as is often assumed but rather a rapid rise of water of several feet over a period of minutes, meaning it can sneak in unexpectedly.
Misconception: You can outrun the storm surge in your car.
Here’s an email sent to Weather Underground from a resident in the Florida Keys during the Keys evacuation order for Hurricane Ike in 2008
I hate to bother you again, but we live on Marathon in the Florida Keys on the Atlantic side, and my husband says that if we see water coming up from storm surge and have an inch of water in our house, that we can outrun the storm surge in our car. Can you please tell me if there is any way this can possibly be true? P.S., I don’t know of anyone who lives down here who is planning on evacuating for Ike. Everyone says they are staying.
If you wait until the water is an inch high before trying to outrun the surge, the odds are that the surge will rise to over a foot high before you get your car out of the driveway. If the water is a foot high, the typical 10-15 mph speed of the storm surge’s current has enough force to sweep a car away. In many places along the coast such as the Keys, there is only one road out of a low-lying region prone to storm surges. In such cases, the storm surge will likely be moving perpendicular to the road, cutting off the only escape route.
A man wearing a tiny life jacket and clutching a neon green noodle and a pet dog floats on the remains of a house in Waveland, Mississippi, during Hurricane Katrina. The photo was taken from the second floor window of a home, and the water is close to the roof line of the first floor. The home was at an elevation of about 17 feet and the surge is close to 10 feet deep here. There are electric lines running down from a pole to a home from left to right. In the distance on the right is a home with water up to the roof line. The photo was taken by Judith Bradford. Her husband, Bill Bradford, swam out and rescued the man and his dog, and two other people who floated by. The image above is described in more detail on Margie Kieper’s Katrina storm surge web page.
How to Survive a Storm Surge
It is common in many flood-prone regions behind levees to keep an axe fastened to the wall of the attic. Then, if water comes in unexpectedly, you can get into the attic and chop a hole through the roof to escape. Don’t forget to keep a length of rope there that you can use to tie yourself to a sturdy part of the house (just don’t tie yourself to the steel beams of the house as these will sink).
The best way to survive a storm surge is to heed evacuation orders and leave before the surge arrives!
What is a Storm Surge?
Potentially the most damaging and deadly impact of a hurricane
Article by: Hobart M. King, PhD, RPG
Storm surge: This illustration shows how hurricane winds can push a pile of water across the ocean surface in the direction that the hurricane is travelling. The extremely low pressure under the eye of the storm allows the surface of the water to rise a few feet. Image by NASA.
Hurricane Ivan (September 17, 2004): This image pair shows before and after views (arrows for reference points) of an area of Orange Beach, Alabama. A powerful storm surge washed away the two small buildings on the right side of the top photo. The large building on the left was built on a sand dune that was severely undermined, causing a collapse. This illustrates that even the upper floors of multi-story beachfront buildings might not be safe. Evacuate promptly if an order is given.
What is a Storm Surge?
A storm surge is a mound of water produced when a hurricane moves across a large body of water. Driving wind «pushes» the water so quickly that it «piles up» on the water in front of it, producing a mound of water that is higher than normal sea level.
As the storm approaches land, the storm surge can be pushed up the beach and deep into inland areas. It arrives as a rush of water and can be capped by large, strong, pounding waves. Storm surge flooding is often the most deadly and damaging impact of a hurricane.
How Dangerous are Storm Surges?
Storm surges are capable of causing total inundation of entire coastal areas. A powerful hurricane can produce a storm surge of 15 feet or more. Storm surges of 20, 30 and 40 feet have been experienced in extreme storms.
Portions of many important coastal cities and resort areas have thousands of people living on land that is less than 10 feet above sea level. Storm surges can knock down buildings, move trains off of their tracks, carry ships and docks inland, fill subways and do many other types of damage.
People who live in vulnerable areas should heed evacuation orders. If they wait for the water to arrive, escape can be impossible. This is because the surge arrives suddenly, and quickly covers a very broad area. Less than two feet of water can drown out a car. Walking through moving water is very difficult. The water can be very cold, and the wind chill will cut right through wet clothing! People who cannot escape quickly to higher ground or second stories can easily die of hypothermia in under an hour.
Hurricane Ivan (September 17, 2004): This image pair shows before and after views (arrows for reference points) of an area of Orange Beach, Alabama. Several houses were either damaged beyond repair or washed off their foundations and destroyed. If you live in vulnerable areas, respond promptly if an evacuation order is given.
Storm Surge Damage
The two sets of before-and-after photos on this page are from a storm surge produced by Hurricane Ivan’s strike on Orange Beach, Alabama in 2004. Note the red arrows marking equivalent positions in the before and after images and the extensive damage that occurred.
What chance do you think a person who disobeyed evacuation orders and went to the second floor of the homes or to the upper stories of the larger buildings would have of surviving? How about someone who decided to walk out and was in the open when the rush of water arrived? That person probably tried to drive out, but downed trees and wires blocked their path or water choked their engine. Evacuate when you are ordered, to stay safe.
Storm surge is one of the deadliest aspects of an approaching hurricane. NOAA has more information about hurricanes and hurricane safety at Hurricanes.gov.
Storm Surge Forecasts
Forecasting a storm surge and its characteristics is difficult because there are so many variables. It is difficult to predict the time of arrival, and that makes it impossible to know if high tide or low tide will be contributing to the height of the surge or detracting from it. It is also difficult to know the windspeed at the time of landfall, how much water will be contributed by rainfall, the exact location of landfall and how topography will influence the movement of water. If you live in an area where an evacuation is ordered, obey that order and leave promptly.
Storm surge is one of the deadliest aspects of an approaching hurricane. NOAA has more information about hurricanes and hurricane safety at Hurricanes.gov.
Storm Tide
More About Storm Surge
The National Weather Service has extensive information and research products available for anyone who wants to learn more about storm surge. You can find it on the Storm Surge Unit website or in the video on this page.
The United States Geological Survey has a Coastal Change Hazards website that has lots of information about the impact of storm surge and coastal erosion.
Hurricanes end Storm Surge celebration
Williams tweeted final one was coming, but after close loss it didn’t happen
The Storm Surge has left Carolina, earlier than planned.
The celebrations that have become noteworthy after each Carolina Hurricanes win at PNC Arena have ended.
Captain Justin Williams tweeted that the Hurricanes would do the last Storm Surge of the season Thursday, but after a 3-2 loss to the Washington Capitals, they opted to leave the ice without any theatrics.
Williams was the mind behind the idea earlier this season, opting for a more fun celebration than the normal stick salute to the crowd.
The Storm Surge begins with a Skol Viking clap before a pre-planned celebration, sometimes involving just the Hurricanes, other times including celebrities or props.
Carolina did one for each of its 22 home wins this season. The Hurricanes have two more regular-season home games: Saturday against the Philadelphia Flyers and April 4 against the New Jersey Devils.
Carolina even got their mentors into it on a road trip earlier this season, when following a 4-3 win at the Florida Panthers on Feb. 21, the mentors did the Skol clap followed by «The Floss.»
Share this!!
The NHL has updated its Privacy Policy effective January 16, 2020. We encourage you to review it carefully.
The NHL uses cookies, web beacons, and other similar technologies. By using NHL websites or other online services, you consent to the practices described in our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service, including our Cookie Policy.